Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is a procedure that is used to examine the lining of the colon, also known as the large intestine. Colonoscopy is typically done to investigate symptoms (e.g. rectal bleeding or diarrhoea), and screen for colon polyps, or cancer. Your gastroenterologist will assess your medical history, risk factors, and current symptoms to determine if a colonoscopy appropriate for you.
A colonoscope, which is a thin, flexible tube about the thickness of a pencil, is used for the procedure. Images of the colon are projected onto a video screen via a camera and light source on the colonoscope. Polyps can be removed with the colonoscope (polypectomy), and biopsies (tissue samples) can also be taken.
The patient is sedated prior to the procedure and intravenous medication administered to ensure a painless experience. The procedure usually takes about 20 minutes.
Preparing for a colonoscopy is an important part of a more accurate and successful examination. Preparation includes short-term dietary changes, withholding certain medications, and drinking a laxative formulation that clears the bowel. Following the instructions carefully is important. If your colon isn’t fully clean, the procedure may need to be rescheduled or repeated.
After the procedure, you’ll be monitored in a recovery area for a couple of hours. You may feel slightly bloated or have mild cramping. You may experience a small amount of rectal blood if a biopsy or polyp removal was performed.
Normal results on your colonoscopy provide reassurance and may help rule out certain conditions. If a condition is found, early detection can lead to better outcomes. For example:
- Early detection of colorectal cancer can greatly improve treatment success.
- Certain types of polyps can be removed before they turn cancerous.
- Detection of conditions such as diverticulosis, IBD, and sources of bleeding allows appropriate management and treatment.
